Say what? Geology and Medical Jargon exposed (by DWhidden)

DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIT

* The Unit was designed to accomplish:

The extraction of underwater sediments in tropical regions;

Water purification in tropical regions.

*It was essential that the unit be tested when the water level reached its highest point. This water level makes it possible to achieve a geothermal capacity up to one hundred times greater than its hydroelectric potential.

-Geothermal: Of or relating to the internal heat of the earth.

-Capacity: Ability to perform or produce; capability.

-Hydroelectric: Of or relating to or used in the production of electricity by waterpower; "hydroelectric power"

* Sediments are explored and tested after being extracted from riverbeds

-Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. Deposited sediments are the source of sedimentary rocks, which can contain fossils of the inhabitants of the body of water that were, upon death, covered by accumulating sediment.

*Sediments are to be dissolved: the water reserves coming from the feeding channel showed that the sediments collected in the riverbed could not be dissolved using carbonic gas

-Channel: A tubular passage for liquids; a conduit.

-Reserve: Something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose.

-Carbonic Gas: A colorless, odorless, incombustible gas, CO₂, formed during respiration, combustion, and organic decomposition and used in food refrigeration, carbonated beverages, inert atmospheres, fire extinguishers, and aerosols. Also called carbonic acid gas. (Carbon Dioxide)

* The stilling tank:

-Contained gases, steam or water

-Also contained pressurized methane which kept the rocks dry (presumably the heated rocks in the earths’ core that the water is being pumped through)

-Either the methane or the rocks were cooled off by a fluid derived by an external source

*There is an evaporation cycle of the water reserves, part of which is accomplished through a system of artificial distribution of hydraulic energy

-Evaporation: The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into, and carried off in, vapor; as, the evaporation of water.

-Hydraulic energy: Energy created by water under pressure.

*Water is purified by filtering the residues and classifying or separating the denser molecules

-A denser object (such as iron) will have less volume than an equal mass of some less dense substance. Volume is a quantification of how much space an object occupies.

-Light molecules stay near the top, and heavier, denser molecules sink lower and lower.

*The denser molecules are obtained by using a spiral turbine operated on hydraulic pressure

- A Turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow. The simplest turbines have one moving part, a rotor-blade assembly. Moving fluid acts on the blades to spin them and impart energy to the rotor. Early turbine examples are windmills and water wheels.

- Hydraulics is a branch of science and engineering concerned with the use of liquids to perform mechanical tasks. Typically, the fluid used in a hydraulic system is an incompressible liquid such as water or oil. Pressure is applied by a piston to fluid in a cylinder, causing the fluid to press on another piston that delivers energy to a load.

*The recuperated irrigation water is treated (i.e., level of toxic residue reduced) while being retained in a chamber equipped with bidirectional valves attached to 2 delivery meters capable of alternating their energy forces

-Irrigate: Supply water to (land or crops) by means of channels. (See p.20 Frag)

-Chamber: An enclosed space or compartment.

-Bidirectional: Moving or operating in two usually opposite directions

-Valve: Any of various devices that regulate the flow of gases, liquids, or loose materials through piping or through apertures by opening, closing, or obstructing ports or passageways.

-Delivery: The act of transferring to another.

-Meter: Any of various devices designed to measure time, distance, speed, or intensity or indicate and record or regulate the amount or volume, as of the flow of a gas or an electric current.

*A single-cylinder turbine upstream and a final-phase purifier operating with the help of a magnetic field downstream

-Purifier: An apparatus for removing impurities

- A Magnetic Field is said to exist in a region if a force can be exerted on a magnet. If a compass needle is deflected when it is put at a particular location, we say a magnetic field exists at that point, and the strength of the field is measured by the strength of the force of the compass needle. All known magnetic fields are caused by the movement of electrical charges.

FLAWS IN THE UNIT - KHARTOUM

Problem #1: The sorting turbine didn’t work in the main delivery meter

*Because: One of the cylinders (the main cylinder) in the turbine was tilted too far in relation to the spirals axis

*Result: The water reserves headed for the discharge channel interflowed with those from the main feeding channel

-I.E., the proceeds from the reserves went into the recuperated water and vice versa.

Solution: Replace the defective cylinder and fill the sorting spinner by hand

Problem #2: The water reserves coming from the feeding channel showed that the sediments collected in the riverbed could not be dissolved using carbonic gas

* Result: The headwaters of the Blue Nile could not be tested.

Solution: Move on to Cambodia, where the subterranean waters of the MeKong offer a saturated superficial layer with a greatly reduced level of oxygen

EQUIPMENT LISTED

*2 Channels: Feeding and Discharge

*Stilling Tank

*2 or more Turbines: Mention of a ‘main turbine’; also a ‘sorting’ and ‘spiral’

*2 or more Cylinders: Mention of a ‘main cylinder’

*A Chamber equipped with Bidirectional Valves attached to 2 Delivery Meters

*1 of the 2 Delivery Meters described as a Main meter

WHAT CAN I PIECE TOGETHER ABOUT HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS?

*They sought to produce electricity through the heat of the earth’s interior rather than with waterpower

*The unit was extracting sediment from the riverbed (to test the quality of the water?)

*The geologists are using carbon dioxide to dissolve the sediments

*This Carbon Dioxide is contained in a stilling tank

*The sediments of the Blue Nile did not dissolve properly because of high levels of oxygen

*The water needs to be evaporated in order to be purified (?)

*The treatment of the recuperated water occurs in the chamber

*The recuperated water and the reserve water must be kept separate

CARLA VAN SAIKAN

Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. A river is continually picking up and dropping solid particles of rock and dirt from its bed throughout its length. Where the river flow is fast, more particles are picked up than dropped. Where the river flow is slow, more particles are dropped than picked up. Areas where more particles are dropped are called alluvial or flood plains, and the dropped particles are called alluvium.

Triazolam (Halcion^®, Novodorm^®, Songar^®) belongs to benzodiazepine group of drugs. It is commonly prescribed for insomnia, and its short half-life (approximately 3 hours) makes it ideal for this use because it thereby avoids morning drowsiness. Questions exist about its safety because it has a fairly narrow therapeutic window. Also, some have suggested that it causes hallucinations, amnesia, paranoia and verbal and physical aggression. On October 2, 1991, the Committee on the Safety of Medicines (CSM) banned sales of Triazolam in the UK after concluding that it had a higher frequency of psychiatric side-effects than other hypnotics (sleeping pills).

Lobe: A subdivision of a body organ or part bounded by fissures, connective tissue, or other structural boundaries. Upper lobe here refers to the lungs.

Alveolus: A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Also called air sac.

Ablation is defined as the removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes. Often used in the context of laser ablation, a process by which the molecular bonds of a material are dissolved by a laser. In medicine, ablation is the same as removal of a part of biological tissue, usually by surgery.

Pneumonectomy: Surgical removal of all or part of a lung.

Thoracoplasty: Surgical removal of part of the ribs to cause the collapse of a diseased lung.

Tuberculosis: An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the tubercle bacillus and characterized by the formation of tubercles on the lungs and other tissues of the body, often developing long after the initial infection.

TONI VAN SAIKANS’ MEDICAL RECORD

B.P.: Normal ranges for blood pressure in adult humans are:

• Systolic between 90 and 135 mmHg (12 to 18 kPa)
• Diastolic between 50 and 90 mmHg (7 to 12 kPa)

Cholesterol:

The American Heart Association (http://www.americanheart.org/cholesterol/about.jsp) provides a set of guidelines for total (fasting) blood cholesterol levels and risk for heart disease:

Level mg/dL	Level mmol/L	Interpretation
<200	<5.2	Desirable level corresponding to lower risk for heart disease
200-239	5.2-6.2	Borderline high risk
>240	>6.2	High risk

Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells which carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. The iron contained in hemoglobin is responsible for the red color of blood.

What are normal hemoglobin values?

· Children: 11-13 gm/dl

· Adult males: 14-18 gm/dl

Adult women: 12-16 gm/dl

Ectomorph: An individual having a lean, slightly muscular body build in which tissues derived from the embryonic ectoderm predominate.

Leukocytosis is an elevation of the white blood cell count (the leukocyte count) above the normal range. The normal adult human leukocyte count in peripheral blood is 4.4-10.8 x 10⁹/L. A white blood count of 11.0 or more suggests leukocytosis. Leukocytosis is very common in acutely ill patients. It occurs in response to a wide variety of conditions, including viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, cancer, and exposure to certain medications or chemicals.

Blood Type: One of many groups into which a person's blood can be categorized, based on the presence or absence of specific antigens in the blood. Blood type is inherited.

Type AB people have red blood cells with both antigens A and B, and do not produce antibodies against either substance in their serum. Therefore, a person with type AB blood can safely receive any ABO type blood and is called a "universal receiver", but cannot donate blood except to corresponding AB type people.

Parenchyma: Anatomy. The tissue characteristic of an organ, as distinguished from associated connective or supporting tissues.

Scar Tissue: Dense fibrous connective tissue that forms over a healed wound or cut.

In Munchausen syndrome, the sufferer feigns, exaggerates, or creates symptoms of illnesses in himself in order to gain attention, sympathy, and comfort from medical personnel. The role of "patient" is a familiar and comforting one, and it fills a psychological need in the man or woman with Munchausen's. There is some controversy on the exact causes of the syndrome, but an increased occurrence has been reported in healthcare professionals and close family members of people with a chronic illness.

Potassium level: The normal range is 3.7 to 5.2 mEq/L.

Protein: Finding protein in the urine is probably the best test for screening for kidney disease, although there may be a number of causes for an increased protein level in the urine.

Casts: Tubules in the kidneys secrete proteins. Under some circumstances, these proteins precipitate out to form little cylindrical impressions of the tubules called casts. If anything is present in the tubules at the time, it gets trapped in the protein casts.

Urinary MHPG: Early case studies demonstrated that in bipolar patients, urinary MHPG levels were lower during the depressed phase and higher during the manic phase than during periods of euthymia.

Calcium level: If a person is eating a normal diet, the expected amount of calcium in the urine is 100 to 300 mg/day. If eating a diet low in calcium, the amount of calcium in the urine will be 50 to 150mg/day.

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness or short-sightedness, is a refractive defect of the eye, where the person affected usually can see nearby objects clearly but distant objects appear blurred. Myopia of 6.00 diopters or greater is considered high, or severe, myopia.

The Babinski reflex or Babinski sign is a reflex that can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain.

Paludism: The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes; malarial disease or disposition. (Basically, Malaria)

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Answers.com

AskOxford

Bio.Edu

English-dictionary.us

Engnet Engineering dictionary

Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia

USGS.com

Wikipedia

Links to maps & images on Cambodia

Travel Description
Tales of Asia - Mekong Delta
Mekong Flooding
Mekong Delta 2000 Flooding
Using Remote sensing to learn about the riverbed
Using remotely sensed data to detect changes of riverbank in Mekong River, Vietnam
Mekong Delta satmap
World Guide - Satellite Image - Tonle Sap (Cambodia) and the Mekong delta (Vietnam)
Children are the main victims of the flooding
KryssTal : People Photos - Children in the Mekong Delta

Essence of The Geologist (by DWhidden)

Common Personality Traits:

*Eccentric

*Constantly correcting each other

*Not generally as interested in money or perks as in the engagement of disproving others theories and the game of debate

*Heady and critical

*Think of themselves as "hard men", like mountaineers or loggers

Props:

*Patrick stressed to me that geologists treat their "toys" with the same kind of reverence and care that a doctor would with his tools

*Brunton - A high-powered compass worn on the hip in a leather case; Patrick referred me to Brunton.com as a popular consumer website for geologists

*They ALWAYS carry a pocket Field notebook

*Clineometer - a tool that measures the steepness of a slope and is traditionally hung around the neck on a red string

*They always have several expensive mechanical pencils that they carry in the field vests

DRESS:

*They dress functionally, not worried about appearance

*Field vests

*High hiking boots - red wing (?)

*Wool socks and sandals

OTHER:

*In order to expand our knowledge, Patrick also referred me to:

-The Dictionary of Geological terms

-The USGS (United States Geological Survey) website

Fragments Breakdown 1

Fragments Breakdown 1

Fragments Breakdown 2

Fragments Breakdown 2

Fragments Breakdown 3

Fragments Breakdown 3

Cambodia background & history - overview

The Mekong & Tonle Sap – Lifeline and River
When the Mekong swells in summer, it backs up into Tonle Sap, filling a 60 mile channel and lake near Angkor that feeds a nation. It almost triples in size to 3 thousand square miles. Tonle Sap is a wonder of hydrology that prevents flooding on the Mekong delta, provides irrigation for crops and enriches a lake with an abundant supply of freshwater fish.

Angkor – the Ancient Empire of Cambodia
Angkor, the ancient capital of the Khymer empire is one of the archeological wonders of the world. Angkor Wat covers 200 acres and is the largest religious monument ever built. French naturalist Henri Mouhot stumbled upon the ruins in 1860 and wrote that "it is grander than anything in Greece or Rome.
ANGKOR WAT Angkor Wat was the "mountain temple" at the heart of the city, home of the Hindu gods and center of the earthly kingdom in which the king was regarded as sacred. It was built by Suryavarman II in the 12th century . Perhaps the greatest treasure of Angkor Wat is bas-relief that surrounds the walls of the outer gallery. It is the world's longest such continuous carving and narrates stories from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, legends of Vishnu and is adorned with hundreds of carvings of devatas and asparas -- celestial women.
ANGKOR THOM Angkor Thom, built in the late 11th century. The moat surrounding it was once stocked with crocodiles.
Its five monumental gates, each more than 65 feet high, are dominated by four carved faces of the Buddhist bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, facing north, south, east and west. In front of each gate are giant statues of 54 gods on the left, 54 demons on the right.
THE BAYON The Bayon rests in the center of Angkor Thom. It is a massive cluster of towers carved with 172 faces of the bodhisattva. Its interior walls are covered with bas-reliefs showing 11,000 figures engaged in battles, ceremonial pageants or the everyday life of 12th century Angkor.

WATERWAYS
One of the major success of the Angkor Empire was due to its mastery over the control of water from the Mekong River. Being situated in the tropical Monsoon zone, the Angkor was subjected to a wet season with heavy rainfall during Monsoon and a dry season during the off-Monsoon period.
Due to their engineering genius, the ancient Khmer built extensive irrigation and drainage system in order to manage the excessive water from the flood. This water was stored in the huge reservoirs such as the East and West Baray, and irrigated to the farmlands during the dry period. In this way, the Angkor were able to cultivate and harvest rice crops two or three times in one year. Such a high productivity of rice crops in a year helped to strengthen the country's economy significantly, and thus enhanced its prosperity. This enabled the god-king of the Angkor Empire to mobilize large number of laborers and slaves to undergo temples construction, several of which required over ten thousands of laborers and took them from two to three decades to complete.
In addition, the Angkor kings were able to recruit manpower to serve in military which play a major role, not only in defending the throne, but in invading the neighbors. The Angkor kingdom expanded its territory vigorously and became a strong regional empire.
The two major reservoirs at the Angkor are the East and West Baray. The East Baray has long been dry whereas the West Baray is still in use today. Two more reservoirs had been discovered recently by the aerial photographs.
It was estimated by George Grosliers, a French archaeologist, that the total agricultural land of the Angkor Empire was about 70,000 hectares. Being used to cultivate crop two or three times in one year, the land was able to support the densely populated Angkor kingdom. This mastery over the water is one of the major factor for the rise of Khmer Civilization.

HISTORY OVERVIEW
Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, whose Angkor Empire extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Subsequently, attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. In 1863, the king of Cambodia placed the country under French protection; it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia became independent within the French Union in 1949 and fully independent in 1953. After a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in April 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; at least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, enforced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, led to a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy and the final elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The July 2003 elections were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. Nation-wide local elections are scheduled for 2007 and national elections for 2008.

Article on insect eating in Cambodia

Spiderwomen serve up Cambodia's creepy caviar http://abc.net.au/news/indepth/featureitems/s664704.htm

They're black, hairy, have eight legs and are delicious when fried with garlic and butter. Originally eaten out of necessity, the burrowing beasts have become a gastronomic landmark of the Skuon region.
First unearthed by starving Cambodians in the dark days of the Khmer Rouge "killing fields" rule, Skuon's spiders have transformed from the vital sustenance of desperate refugees into a choice national delicacy. Black, hairy, and packing vicious, venom-soaked fangs, the burrowing arachnids common to the jungle around this bustling market town do not appear at first sight to be the caviar of Cambodia. But for many residents of Skuon, the "a-ping" - as the breed of palm-sized tarantula is known in Khmer - are a source of fame and fortune in an otherwise impoverished farming region in the east of the war-ravaged southeast Asian nation. "On a good day, I can sell between 100 and 200 spiders," said Tum Neang, a 28-year-old spider-seller who supports her entire family by hawking the creepy-crawlies, deep fried in garlic and salt, to the people who flock to Skuon for a juicy morsel. At around 300 riel (eight US cents) a spider, the eight-legged snack industry provides a tidy income in a country where around one third of people live below a poverty line of $1 per day. The dish's genesis is also a poignant reminder of Cambodia's bloody past, particularly under the Khmer Rouge, whose brutal four years in power from 1975-1979 left an estimated 1.7 million people dead, many through torture and execution. Turning back the clock hundreds of years, Pol Pot's ultra-Maoist guerrillas emptied Cambodia's vibrant cities and destroyed businesses and universities in a bid create a totally agrarian, peasant society. For the millions forced at gunpoint into the fields, grubs and insects such as spiders, crickets, wasps and "konteh long" - the giant water beetles found in lakes near the Vietnamese border - were what kept them alive. "When people fled into the jungle to get away from Pol Pot's troops, they found these spiders and had to eat them because they were so hungry," said Sim Yong, a 40-year-old mother of five. "Then they discovered they were so delicious," she said, proffering a plate piled high with hundreds of the greasy fried arachnids. "And our spiders are by far the best in Cambodia."It's the taste For Roeun Sarin, a 35-year-old minibus taxi passenger on his way to Cambodia's capital Phnom Penh, the Skuon spider is definitely a matter of taste, not history. "I cannot go through Skuon without having a few spiders, I love them so much," he said, as yet another crispy tarantula disappeared into his mouth. "They taste a bit like crickets, only much better," he added.
"They taste a bit like crickets, only much better..."
Meanwhile, in the service station in the centre of town, the ebb and flow of Skuon life continues as more minibuses full of spider-starved Phnom Penh residents pull up, to be besieged by a cluster of excited spider-sellers. Travellers from the capital, 60 km (38 miles) to the southwest, often buy dozens of the spiders at a time, fresh from the soil around Skuon, rather than wait for what might be inferior produce in the Phnom Penh markets. Conservationists and vegetarians might blanche at the relentless pursuit of so many spiders for the sake of a snack, but locals are confident the arachnid population will hold up. Indeed, the only time a crisis threatened was around the Millennium when an extra-large number of spider-eaters passed through Skuon on their way to celebrate the New Year at Angkor, the stunning 1000-year-old temple complex in the northwest. Say goodbye to backache According to aficionado Tum Neang, the best spider is one plucked straight from its burrow and pan fried with lashings of garlic and salt over a traditional wood fire until its skin goes a deep red-brown colour. Crispy on the outside, gooey on the inside, it should then be served piping hot. But the spider's remarkable popularity does not stop with its taste. Like many of her fellow Cambodians, Chor Rin, a 40-year-old market stall trader, swears by its medicinal properties - especially when mushed up in a rice wine cocktail. "It's particularly good for back ache and children with breathing problems," she said, dipping a glass into a jar of murky brown liquid, at the bottom of which sits a rotting mass of hairy black legs and bloated spider bellies. "People could not afford medicine under the Khmer Rouge so they had to use traditional medicines. "They drank it and it made them feel stronger. "With the wine, it's very important they still have their fangs or the medicine loses its power," she said.
"With the wine, it's very important they still have their fangs..."
For truckers making the long trip up to Cambodia's northern reaches, a bracing slug of the liquor is an obligatory tonic, and a litre of top grade spider wine can fetch as much as $2, a huge sum in local terms. Prices of fried spiders in Phnom Penh are also on the rise as supply struggles to keep pace with demand - although it looks as though it will be some time before non-Cambodians cotton on. "They are becoming more and more popular, but I don't think there's much demand from Europeans yet," said spider-trader Chea Khan.

The Khmer Rouge - how Cambodia was "re-organised"

KHMER ROUGE – Capture of Pnomh Penh
April 17, 1975 - thousands of Phnom Penh residents celebrate in the streets as victorious Khmer Rouge troops enter the capitol
- A great relief that the five-year civil war had now come to an end
- ordered people to abandon their homes and leave Phnom Penh - by mid-afternoon hundreds of thousands of people were on the move
"The Americans are going to bomb the city!"
- No exceptions - all residents, young and old, had to evacuate asap
- no real American plans to attack the city
a ploy to get people into the countryside
Khmer Rouge believed that cities were living and breathing tools of capitalism
KR cadres referred to Phnom Penh as "the great prostitute of the Mekong." (Chandler, The Tragedy of Cambodian History, 247
to create the ideal communist society, all people would have to live and work in the countryside as peasants
Peasants = simple, uneducated, hard-working and not prone to exploiting others. Their way of life had not changed for centuries, yet they always managed to survive. It was this perception that caused the Khmer Rouge to view peasants - old people, to use their political jargon - as the ideal communists for the new Cambodian state.
The city dwellers of Phnom Penh and other Cambodian cities, on the other hand, were seen as new people (or "April 17 people"). New people were the root of all capitalist evil in the eyes of the Khmer Rouge. It didn't matter if you were a teacher, a tailor, a civil servant or a monk: new people were the embodiment of capitalism and the enemy of communism
EVACUATION OF CITIES AND OTHER "REFORMS"
new rules that were being imposed by Angka ("The Organization") - a secretive Khmer Rouge organisation
- religion, money and private ownership were all banned
- communications with the outside world elimated
- family relationships dismantled

As was often said by the Khmer Rouge, 2000 years of Cambodian history had now come to an end; April 17 was the beginning of Year Zero for the new Cambodia: Democratic Kampuchea (DK).

Life under the Khmer Rouge

WORK CAMPS
One main goal behind resettling urban residents into the countryside was to build a new Cambodia focused on agricultural success

- "four-year plan" in which Cambodians
expected to produce an average national yield of 3 metric tons of rice per hectare (1.4 tons per acre)
pre-Khmer Rouge, peacetime Cambodia, the average national yield was only one metric ton of rice per hectare
To meet these new demands - strict policies where workers labored in the fields for 12 hours a day without adequate rest or food. Many new people lacked any experience in manual labor and became ill and died
Khmer Rouge favored the traditional medicine of the peasants and hilltribes over modern western medicine. Those new people who survived but were not well enough to work often vanished
"Keeping new people is no benefit," so the Khmer Rouge slogan went; "Losing them is no loss." The lives of new people were seen as having little to no value, so even the most minor infraction was enough reason to get sent to a killing field.
- foraging for extra food was a capital offense
but daily food allowance was so low it would cause hundreds of thousands of people to starve to death
because family relationships were now banned (for parents exploited their children, so the argument went), associating with a relative without the permission of Angka could get you killed.
Speaking French is a capital offence
- The educated, those who wore glasses, practicing Buddhists - among those condemned to die
Families with connections to previous Cambodian governments were especially susceptible to ill treatment; while former soldiers and civil servants were usually summarily executed,

Those Cambodians who knew they could be labeled as an enemy (the educated, monks, government officials, business owners, etc.) had no choice but to cut off all ties to their past and pretend to be an illiterate peasant. If you could convince the Khmer Rouge you were one of the old people, you might survive, but if you were caught it would mean certain death.
Because Angka banned family relationships, the Khmer Rouge often took advantage of children and molded them into fanatical communists. Young children were seen as being pure and untainted by capitalism and family influence. From an early age children were propagandized and brainwashed to believe in nothing but Angka - even their parents might become their worst enemies.- children would spy on their parents or report on their families' activities during the Lon Nol regime. If parents were disguising themselves as uneducated peasants, their children would be rewarded for identifying them as enemies of the state. Children received expanded privileges under Angka as their parents were taken away to die. In some farming collectives there were so many adolescent Khmer Rouge cadres it seemed their were no adults running the camps.

- When Cambodians weren't working in the fields they were being lectured by Khmer Rouge cadres in daily "livelihood meetings" (prachum chivapheap).
- propaganda sessions where people could be indoctrinated into Angka's communist ideals.
- opportunities for people to confess their past political and ideological sins, as well as to rat out fellow Cambodians. As Ong Thong Hoeung tells David Chandler in The Tragedy of Cambodian History, "Politics were everything. Political formation dominated every other activity." Ong goes on to say
They [Khmer Rouge political cadres] attacked the individualist idea successively, in material terms, in terms of thought, and in terms of feelings. Materially, we had to denounce those who had more than the people. In terms of thought, each of us had to keep an eye on everyone else, to disclose any attitude that didn't conform to the line of the party. Everything was interpreted: words, gestures, attitudes. Sadness was a sign of spiritual confusion, joy a sign of individualism, [while] an indecisive point of view indicated a petty bourgeois intellectualism." (Chandler, 284)
Unfortunately, many Cambodians saw these livelihood meetings as opportunities to confess their pasts and be redeemed in the eyes of the Khmer Rouge, not unlike people confessing to a priest at a Christian church. If they confessed, they were rewarded by applause and praise, perhaps an embrace from the Khmer Rouge cadres in attendance. Later that evening (or soon afterward - it was only a matter of time), they would then be escorted quietly from the camp and executed.
The quality of life in these farm cooperative varied greatly from district to district; overall, though, very few Cambodians were spared from suffering, misery, starvation or the threat of death. Conditions worsened in 1977 and 1978 as Angka increased demands on rice production. With the passage of time it became more and more difficult for malnourished Cambodians to farm efficiently. To make matters worse, the Khmer Rouge's distain of technology made it next to impossible for workers to reach their increased rice quotas when forced to farm by hand only. Even if a particular collective farm met its rice quota, this didn't mean they would be rewarded with a proper diet. The bulk of the rice was earkmarked for Khmer Rouge soldiers and political cadre. New people could only eat the scraps that were given to them; if they were caught supplementing their diets with grass or even insects, they too would be sent to the killing fields.

History - End of Khmer Rouge - Present

HISTORY: End of Khmer Rouge to present day Cambodia
early months of 1979 were marked by chaos and confusion.
In many areas, no one knew about the fighting with Vietnam; in some towns villagers awoke one morning to find that the Khmer Rouge had suddenly vanished in the night. Others found themselves caught, in the crossfire of battle. Still others were held captive as slaves and porters by the retreating Khmer Rouge. All semblance of order vanished.
As the Khmer Rouge withdrew, confiscated and destroyed rice to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Vietnamese.
rotted in the fields as liberated Cambodians abandoned their collectives en masse. Some returned to their homes from the days before the revolution. Hundreds of thousands of others fled toward Thailand. By October and November 1979, what had been a trickle of refugees became a torrent. The terrible mismanagement by the Khmer Rouge, the war and the dislocation had suddenly brought a new agony to Cambodia: Famine.
- The refugees who poured into Thailand were a testimony to the torment: skeletal apparitions cloaked in tattered rags; children with brittle limbs and distended stomachs; weary mothers, their breasts dry from malnutrition, clutching starving infants who had not the strength to lift their heads. Witnesses to the exodus grappled for a way to describe what they saw. They could only invoke the names of Auschwitz, of Dachau, of Belsen. A brace of crude, fetid refugee camps sprung up along the Thai border. Hundreds died in the first horrid weeks, their bodies laid to rest in mass graves.
- A massive campaign to aid the Cambodians took shape. The United Nations, the Red Cross, and a brace of smaller organizations began providing food and medical assistance to the refugees at the border. But inside Cambodia, providing aid was more difficult. Despite the appalling brutality of Pol Pot's regime, the international community still considered the Khmer Rouge to be the legitimate government of the country. Heng Samrin was seen as a puppet, brought to power by an invading foreign army. The U.N. refused to confer recognition on the new government.
- The Phnom Penh government's bitterness toward the U.N. was compounded by the fact that the relief efforts along the Thai border were clearly aiding the Khmer Rouge. Some of the refugee camps, in fact, were under direct control of the Khmer Rouge. Civilians trapped in those camps were in desperate need of food, but there was no way to insure that any aid they received would not ultimately fall into the hands of Khmer Rouge guerrillas.
- Similarly, there were also concerns that aid sent to Phnom Penh might wind up in the hands of Vietnamese soldiers. The Vietnamese often seemed to be deliberately hampering efforts to provide aid. The few relief officials who were allowed into Phnom Penh were not allowed to set up radio communications, and since there were no working telephone lines out of Phnom Penh, the only outside contact was through the daily Red Cross flight to Bangkok. They were instructed not to speak to anyone in the street, and the government's propaganda radio accused them of being spies. The government also insisted that the distribution of aid be handled not by international personnel, but by their own officials. The government also refused to allow any aid to be shipped overland from Thailand.
- Ultimately, much of the aid that did reach the interior of the country was distributed along the Thai border to Cambodians who carried it back into their own country in oxcarts and on rickety bicycles. While malnutrition continued to be a problem, by the end of 1979 the worst of the food shortages had passed.
- As the months passed, the Vietnamese consolidated their hold on Cambodia. By the end of the year, there were nearly 225,000 Vietnamese troops occupying the country. But as time passed, many Cambodians began to suspect that the Vietnamese had no intention of ever leaving. Others noted bitterly that many, if not most, of the officials of the new government were former Khmer Rouge; the new government even continued to celebrate the anniversary of the Khmer Rouge takeover as a national holiday. And while conditions inside the country had improved infinitely since the horrors of previous years, Heng Samrin's government was frequently accused of widespread human rights violations.
- Along the Thai border, the remaining Khmer Rouge forces soon regrouped and stepped up guerrilla attacks against the Vietnamese. Prince Sihanouk(VIETNAM), meanwhile, withdrew from the Khmer Rouge and announced the formation of his own resistance group, and Son Sann, a former Prime Minister under Lon Nol, formed a third group. The Khmer Rouge, with extensive support from China, were the strongest of the three groups militarily. But they could scarcely hope to win much support diplomatically. The United States and other Western nations were determined to keep the Vietnamese isolated politically, but to do so by supporting the Khmer Rouge was virtually unthinkable. The solution ultimately reached by the West was scarcely better. Under unrelenting pressure from the United States, the three groups banded together into a single coalition in 1982 -- with Sihanouk once again serving as the titular head.
- As the Third Indochina War dragged on, a pattern soon became apparent. During the rainy season, the guerrillas would step up their activity, only to be driven back by Vietnamese offensives during the dry season. The refugee camps, often used as bases by the guerrillas, frequently came under artillery fire from the Vietnamese; once again innocent women, men, and children were caught in the middle.
- Within Cambodia, a sense of normalcy slowly returned. But the coalition continued to occupy Cambodia's seat in the U.N., and the crushing effects of war and international embargo kept the country one of the poorest in the world. In 1987, per capita income was estimated to be only $160 annually -- ranking 195th out of the world's 203 countries. It was a situation that could not continue indefinitely. The isolation carried a heavy price for Vietnam as well as Cambodia. Bogged down by the continuing fighting, and faced with the prospect of diminishing Soviet support as the global political situation changed, in June 1988 the Vietnamese announced plans to begin a gradual troop withdrawal. Their stated goal was to have all of their forces out of Cambodia by 1990.
- The Vietnamese announcement cleared the way for real progress toward peace. In July 1988, leaders of the four warring factions held their first face-to-face meeting, in Indonesia. The talks were inconclusive, but they did pave the way for future progress.
- The announcement of a Vietnamese withdrawal had another effect, as well: it sent supporters of the guerrilla coalition scrambling for a new policy. After years of propping up an alliance formed around the Khmer Rouge, they were now faced with the horrible prospect that Pol Pot might return to power in the vacuum created by the Vietnamese withdrawal. They had forgotten the old adage: Be careful what you wish for. You might get it.
- As the Vietnamese troops pulled out, however, the situation on the battlefield remained largely unchanged. The Phnom Penh government's army consisted of about 35,000 troops; they held their own in most areas, and the guerrillas made only minor inroads into their territory.
- Gradually a framework for peace began to emerge. In 1990 the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council put forth a plan calling for the creation of a Supreme National Council (SNC) to be composed of six representatives (two from each faction) of the guerrillas. As negotiations continued, a series of ceasefires were declared and more or less ignored. A formal ceasefire was finally adopted in May 1991, and despite constant violations by the Khmer Rouge, the agreement held.
- Norodom Sihanouk, meanwhile, after "retiring" and "returning from retirement" several times, was elected to a position as the thirteenth member of the SNC, as its nonvoting chairman.
- On October 23, 1991, the agreement was at last signed and formally accepted by all sides. The plan called for each army to demobilize 70% of their troops, while the interim functioning of the government would be handled by the U.N. until elections could be held in May 1993. It was the largest and costliest peacekeeping operation ever undertaken by the U.N., calling for nearly 22,000 soldiers and administrators.
- It was also in October 1991 that an internal shakeup within the Phnom Penh government led to the removal of Heng Samrin from his position as General Secretary of the communist party. Samrin, who had opposed a U.N. role in Cambodia, was replaced by Chea Sim. Hun Sen, who had long held the post of Foreign Minister, was chosen to represent the Phnom Penh government in the upcoming election for Premier. Like Heng Samrin, Hun Sen was a former Khmer Rouge cadre who had defected from the Eastern Zone in 1977.
- By November 1991, U.N. personnel began arriving in force. Sihanouk, too, returned to Cambodia, greeted by cheering crowds. Khmer Rouge representatives to the SNC arrived as well, but were greeted less warmly: their villa was attacked by a mob, and Khieu Samphan, the leader of their delegation, was beaten and nearly murdered. He fled the capital in an armored car.
- Against this uncertain backdrop, the U.N. began the massive task of repatriating the nearly 370,000 refugees from the camps in Thailand. Sporadic fighting continued in the countryside, however, and the Khmer Rouge grew increasingly intransigent. They first denied U.N. peacekeepers access to areas under their control, then refused to disarm. The Phnom Penh government, too, was accused of violence directed at Sihanouk and Son Sann loyalists. Their actions, however, paled in comparison to those of the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge began a campaign of harassment directed at the U.N. Several peacekeepers were kidnapped, and others were murdered. Several civilians, particularly ethnic Vietnamese, were also massacred. In April 1993, the Khmer Rouge closed their offices in Phnom Penh and sent a letter to the U.N. withdrawing from the peace process, under the pretense that there were millions of Vietnamese still in the country illegally. Still, however, the other parties moved forward as planned. By the end of April, the last of the refugees had been repatriated.
- As the Khmer Rouge stepped up their threats to disrupt the elections scheduled to begin on May 23, many observers feared that the specter of violence would keep the voter turnout low, enabling the Khmer Rouge to claim that the winner of the elections did not in truth have wide popular support.
- The dire predictions turned out to be unfounded. Despite the threats, 4.2 million of the 4.7 million registered voters went to the polls. The FUNCINPEC party, headed by Sihanouk's son Norodom Ranariddh, won 58 of the 120 seats in the National Assembly; the Phnom Penh faction won 51 seats, Son Sann's faction won 10 seats, and a right-wing party won the remaining seat. Initially, however, the Phnom Penh government contested the results, and it was not until June 21 that Hun Sen formally conceded that they had lost the election. However, fearing that the country would be ungovernable without some semblance of a consensus, Ranariddh consented to allow Hun Sen to assume the role of "co-prime minister." The Khmer Rouge, meanwhile, began stepping up their attacks against the fledgling government.
- Despite the prominent roles played by Hun Sen and Ranariddh, there remained a part for Cambodia's consummate politician: Sihanouk himself. Reviled by many, but revered by still more, Sihanouk declared that he had "no right to resist the will of the Cambodian people" who were calling on him to return to the throne. On September 24, 1993, he signed a new constitution and once again assumed the position of King of Cambodia. His powers, however, were limited. Under the terms of the constitution, the king was selected by a five-member throne council. In poor health, Sihanouk spent much of his time outside the country, seeking medical treatment, and the majority of power remained in the hands of the two Prime Ministers.
- The Khmer Rouge, meanwhile, continued their attacks, routinely targeting civilians, and sowing land mines in rural areas. They still enforced their policies through mass murder: In October 1994, for example, a group of seventy villagers in Battambang province were captured by the guerrillas, who opened fire on them for no apparent reason. Fifty were killed.
- Still, it was clear that the balance of power had shifted. Isolated diplomatically and economically, the Khmer Rouge at last began to disintegrate. Defections took a heavy toll on their ranks in the wake of the 1993 elections. In August 1996, Ieng Sary, one of the highest ranking members of the Khmer Rouge (by some accounts second or third in rank, below Pol Pot) defected to the government in exchange for amnesty, taking many of his soldiers with him.
- Unfortunately, violence between the factions in Phnom Penh escalated drastically as the Khmer Rouge disintegrated. Hun Sen still controlled the strongest segment of the military, and he did not hesitate to exploit his power. In one particularly brutal attack, dozens of supporters of a popular opposition leader, Sam Rainsy, were killed in a grenade attack on a peaceful demonstration in Phnom Penh in March 1997. The violence underscored a disturbing truth: the demise of the Khmer Rouge would not necessarily mean the onset of peace.
- In June 1997, rumors began to suggest that several more high-ranking Khmer Rouge officials were considering peace negotiations. Determined to continue fighting, Pol Pot responded in typical fashion: He executed his longtime Defense Minister, Son Sen, and ten members of Son Sen's family. The execution further splintered the remaining guerrillas. It was Pol Pot's final mistake: the last of his devout followers could no longer deny the brutality and futility of their leader's methods. Pol Pot was effectively overthrown by an internal rebellion in the fall of 1997, and was "convicted" in a Khmer Rouge show trial. Confined to "house arrest" in the last enclave of Khmer Rouge control, he died on April 15, 1998. Official accounts claimed that he succumbed to illness. Others suggested that he was murdered by his former followers.
- In Phnom Penh, meanwhile, the collapse of the Khmer Rouge led to a cynical contest between Ranariddh and Hun Sen. Each man courted the defecting Khmer Rouge, knowing that the last of the guerrillas could tip the balance of power in his favor.
- In July 1997 Hun Sen dispensed with the any pretense of cooperation. He overthrew Ranariddh in a coup. Ranariddh went into exile, while a handful of outnumbered, outgunned soldiers held on to a small stretch of territory close to the Thai border. Meanwhile, the UN estimated that at least 90 members of Ranariddh's party were murdered during and immediately after the coup.
- The coup, however, once again left Cambodia diplomatically isolated. Under a Japanese-brokered peace plan, Ranariddh was tried in absentia on the Hun Sen government's charges that he was conspiring with the Khmer Rouge and smuggling arms; after his conviction, he was pardoned by the King and allowed to return to Cambodia to participate in the elections scheduled for July 1998. However, Hun Sen's forces continued their campaign of intimidation: A dozen opposition candidates were murdered in the weeks preceding the elections. The violence made a mockery of the international community's pledges to uphold "free and fair" elections. Hun Sen won the elections, but the opposition protested the results. Again responding with force, Hun Sen dispatched riot police to quell the protests. At least 18 persons were killed. The protests, however, brought the country's government to a virtual halt. In November of 1998, an agreement was reached under which Hun Sen became the Prime Minister, while Ranariddh accepted a position as President of the National Assembly.

Chronology by JT-Heather

Chronology: Fragments of a Farewell Letter Read by Geologists
Ref from Script	Chronology	What occurred
PRE-EXPEDITION
p. 93 XS	Before the genisis of man	Xu S states that the diffuse and the chaotic infinity of the sea has been there since
		before the genesis of man and his brain
p.89 XS	8 years ago (1978)	XS leaves Cambodia
p.89 XS	25 hrs, 8 yrs ago (1978)	XS Flies from Bangkok to the U.S.
p. 82 CvS	6 a.m. in the early 1980's	Time Toni wakes up
p. 82 CvS	7 a.m. in the early 1980's	Time Toni has to be at the University
p. 82 CvS	daybreak in the early 1980's	Toni and Carla's days start
p.83 CvS	September Evening (1985)	Toni, Carla, Field Marshall & his Concubine are in the Abijan, Ebrie Lagoon, Ivory Coast
P.11 LM	Just Over a Year Ago (October 1985)	The geologists got the idea of organizing an expedition in tropical territory
P. 17 JC	A Year Ago (October 1985)	The study submitted to the National Research Centre was on the gradual transformation
		and erosion effects of river waters
p.20 RP	Just Over a Year Ago (October 1985)	Received authorization from the NRC to travel to tropical territory.
		Toni vS was appointed lead
p.34 NO	Last Fall (October 1985)	LM submitted the paper written for the Geology Department. Obligatory Assignment…
p.20 RP	March, 1986	The date the geologists intended to leave for the Sudan
APRIL
p.21 RP / p.12 LM	April 15 (1986)	Left Minnesota for Khartoum, Sudan, Africa after delays of never ending series of procedures
p.90 XS	April 15 (1986)	Beginning of Rainy Season. Raining upon the Geologists arrival
p.45 NO	April 15 (1986)	Toni Vs in perfect health at time of departure
p.28 DL	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	Six months = Length of expected Expedition
P.13 LM	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	The geologists were going to have to spell each other for 6 months…
p.28 DL	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	Day after day, the geologists saw each other
p.29 DL	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	Day and night, the rain followed the geologists incessantly
p.30 DL	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	Day and night, the geologists had to spell each other - filling the sorting chamber by hand.
p.31 DL	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	One day to the next', David L states, 'Were we to expect to find him dead because
		he was writing a letter?'
p.64 NO/JC	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	Everyday for all six months it rained constantly
p.18 JC	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	All six months of the expedition - it rained
p. 31 DL	April 15 - October 15 (1986)	So many days, so many wks - Toni vS announced his death before all the rest
p. 47+ JC	April 15 - end of August (1986)	The geologists state that the radio set wasn't working because of the tropical rains
p.55 JC	approx. April 29 (1986)	second week in Khartoum Jason Cassilly asked Toni to authorize SLP's return to the U.S
	approx. April 29 (1986)	Toni vS stated they had to move on
P.13 LM	End of April (1986)	Toni van Saikin decided to change the itinerary and the dates they'd agreed upon…
P.13 LM	End of April (1986)	Toni vS decided to travel up to Cambodia in Early May
p.69 NO	end of April (1986)	Two weeks from their arrival, everyone recognizes that the expedition is bound to fail
MAY
P.13 LM / p.23 RP	Early May (1986)	Flew farther East for the Mekong, Cambodia
p.23 RP	May 21 (1986)	Left for the Mekong - rains identical. Downpours.
P.16 JC	May (1986)	Arriving in Cambodia, Toni vS started writing
p. 47+ JC	May (1986)	The radio set wasn't working because of the tropical rains
p.23 RP	approx. May 30 (1986)	Set up operations at Prak-Kek, not far from border
p. 69 NO	end of May (1986)	A month, a month and a half after leaveing the U.S, everyone has lost sense of time.
		Itinerary is changed
JUNE
LM , RP, NO p.47	June (1986)	In the inquiry - Nikols O states this is the date in which the men claim they
		would have known it was impossible to get to Phnom-Penh, to send a
		telegram to the University to inform them that something was wrong, because of the
		roads, mines, amputees, corpses, etc…
LM , RP, NO p.50	June (1986)	Nikols O says the men could not have known this information by then
JULY
P.14 LM	July (1986)	From July on, it isvery difficult for the geologists to place the events in chronological order.
P.11 LM	July (1986)	Geologists noticed Toni van Saikin writing assiduously, every evening - late into the night
p.18 JC	July (1986)	As early as July, the geologists knew that this expedition would be a failure.
p.23 RP	Mid July (1986)	Sent meteorologist, SLP, back to the USA. Reason: rain made him depressed.
p.23 RP	Mid-July - early Aug (1986)	Terminating SLP's contract entailed 3 weeks of admin hassles.
p. 45 NO	July 15 (1986)	3 months later, in Prak-Kek, Phnom-Penh, Toni vS is still in perfect health.
AUGUST
p. 53 NO	Mid - End of August (1986)	The days preceding Toni vS's death there were no signs.
		He was the same as usual. Strange
p.32 DL	Between August 28 - September 3 (1986)	That particular night, TvS would get up without anyone hearing him…
	Between August 28 - September 3 (1986)	Reported Death of Toni van Saiken
p.94 XS	Between August 28 - September 3 (1986)	The day of Toni vS's death, he was writing this letter to himself, for the day when he might
		return to this god-forsaken part of the world, far from all landmarks, on the banks of this
		river for having written these lines…
p.73 NO/DL	Between August 28 - September 3 (1986)	The hours and days that followed Toni vS's death, everyone knew he was dead,
		no one said it
p.42 NO	End of August (1986)	Counting the days between the reported death of Toni vS and the arrival of Xu S,
		takes us to back to the end of August - which therefore concludes that
		David L's setting Toni vS's death at September 22 is incorrect and that the men
		had lost all sense of time
p. 47 NO	approx. September 1 (1986)	Geologists get in touch with the University
p.19 JC	approx. September 10 (1986)	Engineer Xu Sojen was sent to the site - more than 10 days between the time the
		geologists reported TvS' death
SEPTEMBER
p.32 DL	between September 1 -10 (1986)	The Geologist wait for Xu Sojen to arrive.
p.32 DL	between September 1 -10 (1986)	Several days went by where David L stood…
p.47 NO	September (1986)	Nikols O states that the geologists claim that Toni vS died in September
p. 47 NO/JC	September (1986)	Until September, no one tried to get in touch with University - radio set was not working
	September (1986)	Radio set Working - the geologists radio the University
p. 42 NO	Monday, September 8 (1986)	The University sends Engineer Xu S to Cambodia
p.89 XS	Monday, September 8 (1986)	On this day, Xu S was told about the trip, got his visa, and left for London the same night
p.89 XS	Tuesday, September 9 (1986)	Tuesday afternoon, Xu S flew from London to Pakistan
p.89 XS	Wednesday, September 10 (1986)	3rd day of travelling, Xu S flew from Pakistan to Phnom-Penh in the a.m.
p.89 XS	Wednesday, September 10 (1986)	Xu S is told that the geologists will be waiting for him in Phnom-Penh on this day.
p.89 XS	Wednesday, September 10 (1986)	David L is waiting for Xu S in Phnom-Penh upon his arrival
p.89 XS	Wednesday, September 10 (1986)	Xu S states that it took 3 hours to walk from Phnom-Penh to the geologists site
p. 46 LM		**Lloyd M states it would take 8 hours to walk to Phnom-Penh in the inquiry when
		talking about why they did not go walk to Phnom-Penh to send a telegram
p.89 XS	Mon Sept 8 - 10 (1986)	41 hours = The entire time of XS' journey to the site of Toni vS
p.24 RP	September 10 (1986)	10 days after the geologists radio'd the University, engineer Xu Sojen joined them at the
		campsite and concluded that they had to abandon everythingand go home
p/92 XS	September 10 (1986)	On its' 10th day of decomposition, Toni vS' body was in such state that
		…the drops carved crevices down his cheeks
p.94 XS	Bedtime, September 10 (1986)	Xu S went up to the second story, where Toni vS stored his things, and found the pages
		of a letter that he had been writing since his arrival in Cambodia
p.92 XS	September 11 (1986)	The following day after Xu S's arrival, the rain increased
p.81 CvS	September 11 (1986)	Abandoned site and left, bringing Toni vS's bones with them
	Approx. September 15 (1986)	Arrived in US
p. 32 DL	September 22 (1986)	David L claims that in the last week in September, he wrote that Toni vS was dead
		and that the universe was stable
p.42 NO	September 22 (1986)	Nikols O states that Mr. Lenowski sets the date of Toni vS's on this day
FOLLOWING
	Early October 1986	The Hearing w/ Ostwald
P.16 JC / p.26 NO	Early October 1986	At 10 o'clock, the inquiry must be over and everyone will need to vacate this hearing room
p.82 CvS	Arrival back to the U.s. onwards…	Yesterday afternoon, Carla vS had two appointments & an interview
p.81 CvS	Arrival back to the U.s. onwards…	Three accidents occurred since - all at 5 o'clock in the morning.
p.82 CvS	Arrival back to the U.s. onwards…	"This morning" Carla vS has an operation
p.84 CvS	Arrival back to the U.s. onwards…	Today Carla understands why Toni vS liked looking at his face in the water of the lagoon
		"Part of you was already there…already drowned…"
p. 82 CvS	Arrival back to the U.s. onwards…	"Tomorrow" Toni vS' sternum will be in bronze box and it will be announced that the
		new wing of the Science Building will be named after Toni vS
p. 82 CvS	Arrival back to the U.s. onwards…	"In a little while" Men are coming to pick up Toni vS's bones and take him away from Carla
EXTRAS
p.86 CvS	Forever	Carla vS wants Toni vS to tell her the time, forever…
p.93 XS	Looking at Infinity	Xu S concludes that Toni vS didn't exist, he pre-existed, he didn't pre-exist, he existed
		...it all comes downto the same thing when you are looking at infinity.